To some degree, everyone knows what COVID-19 is. It’s a novel Coronavirus—a new infectious disease that causes flu-like symptoms that can be severe enough to…
The antimicrobial properties of alcohol were reported first for ethyl alcohol (EA) in 1888 and subsequently for isopropyl alcohol (IA) and N-propyl alcohol (NA) in…
The antimicrobial effects of quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) such as benzalkonium chloride were first described in the 1900s.1 Under laboratory conditions, benzalkonium chloride demonstrates decent…
Originally developed in England in 1954, chlorhexidine first became available in the United States on September 17, 1976, under the brand name Hibiclens®.1-3 Chlorhexidine alone…